The Impacts of Oil

超过40%的美国人——估计有1.4亿人——暴露在这种环境中 unhealthy levels of air pollution. Much of that pollution comes cars and trucks, which release nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and other toxic, smog-forming emissions.

The health risks of air pollution are extremely serious. 空气质量差会增加哮喘和支气管炎等呼吸系统疾病, 增加了癌症等危及生命的疾病的风险, 并给我们的医疗保健系统带来了巨大的医疗费用负担. 颗粒物单独造成的死亡人数高达 30,000 premature deaths each year.

在美国，向更清洁的燃料过渡是减少这些影响的关键战略.

The US transportation sector—which includes cars, trucks, planes, trains, ships, and freight—produces nearly thirty percent 占美国温室气体排放总量的三分之一，比其他任何行业都多. 汽车和卡车的排放量占美国排放量的近五分之一, 每加仑汽油排放约24磅二氧化碳和其他导致全球变暖的气体. About five pounds comes from the extraction, production, and delivery of the fuel, 而大部分的热量捕获排放物——每加仑超过19磅——直接来自汽车的排气管.

To effectively battle climate change, the United States will need to cut its use of oil, 以及向替代技术和燃料的过渡——而且要快.

将石油转化为燃料是一个复杂的过程，在每个阶段都会对环境和人类产生影响. Oil is extracted by drilling, fracking, or mining. 钻探与石油泄漏和事故密切相关 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster, while fracking 与有毒的水和空气污染、甲烷泄漏和地震有关吗.

Once extracted, crude oil is transported via pipelines, barges, tankers, trains, 然后用卡车运到加工设施，在那里它被提炼成可用的产品. Oil spills during transportation are increasingly common 而且很难清理，而提炼石油可能是非常耗能的.

我们使用的石油越少，我们遭受的这些影响就越小.

More than 30 years ago, 埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)和其他石油和天然气公司的617888九五至尊娱乐家们考虑了617888九五至尊娱乐变化应该如何影响新化石燃料开采的决策. Their concerns echoed the latest science of the time, 这篇文章表明化石燃料和全球变暖之间的联系越来越紧密.

该行业没有采取行动，而是参与了一场长达30年的反对617888九五至尊娱乐行动的运动. Their tactics included everything from counterfeit science, to the harassment of scientists, to manufactured uncertainty with no scientific basis.

Today, 许多石油公司和行业协会继续传播虚假信息，阻挠617888九五至尊娱乐政策. 他们都意识到他们的产品在617888九五至尊娱乐影响中所起的作用.

To effectively combat climate change, and reduce the harmful consequences of oil use, 我们需要削弱石油公司的政治权力. You can help.